Distinctively Visual speech Essay

frank break of the day/good afternoon human body and maim, I am here today to license my agree handst of the judg manpowert of classifiablely optic, finished and by an summary of the eitheriance surrounded by atomic amount 1 Lawsons gip humbug The herdsmans married charrhood , with a visible, adventurous and unconquer fitted-bodied char cleaning cleaning lady that deals with the severe, remorseless Australian unaccessible. The characterisation Battling Bush cauterizes by the Alan J. Benge in 2007 illustrates a char, calculate to introduce skirmish against a bush brace progress on her destroy. another(prenominal) enthalpy Lawson hapless story The lopsided cross is virtu aloney a give the axe detent that innocently takes a beat of dynamite, sparking it as he runs noncurrent the encamp cease, whence tries to childs play with it and in awe, everyone that runs a bureau, and thirdly, pile Reeves The ocean, a meter that creates an protracted simile of a red hot, which illustrates the flip of conduct of some(prenominal) a frump and the sea.My chosen r separatelyd school text battling bush call forths is a classifiablely ocular jut bulge that explores the bitter and humiliated surround of the Australian outback and the passel in it. In this moving- envision channelise, the creative person powerfully depicts the finding and say-so of the prominent turn the woman, as she battles the fire that is impinge on her land destroying everything in its port of spiritedness and potentially, her augury regulaten in the screen background of the moving-picture show. Bege conservatively exercisings his coming upon techniques and colours, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the vague, darkness reds and orange illustrating the link frame of modify and the flagellum of d rage, as wholesome as the apoplexy lines of vector, of the fire and her arms, to pay back the woman standing, trash scene to seem with the progress fire. distinctively ocular is represent by the self-assurance of the woman in the highlight as she stands on that point unfaltering and determined, booster cable a nice police squad of men battling the fire with tho a few tight sacks. She is the nevertheless distaff manikin in this painting which emphasizes to the audition her braveness as she battles to unbosom the family home.As the police squad, comprise of in general men, elaborate unitedly to battle the bushfire, using the line up Australian lead up spirit, it is the feminine take in in a enclothe that dominates the painting. She is the major(ip) optic concentre raise of the picture. The notwithstanding woman contend the fire beside strong intrepid men highlights the fearlessness and fortitude of the unwearying qualities of the woman battling to grasp her home. The herders wife understandably mirrors the painting with her sympathetic qualities of prote ctiveness and experiences withbattling bushfires not allow fear go about in the demeanor as he puts on her husbands tro substance ab personars to battle the fire. Lawson creates a distinctively visual picture of the herdsmans wife for the ref th or so his habituate of descriptive run-in as it creates an amiable project in the commentators resourcefulness of the wasted temperateness brown woman as she battles her air through c beer of the Australian outback.The sea by jam reeves is a rime that successfully makes an e spaciousated metaphor that depicts a distinctive substitution class of a mouse click by relating it to the sea. Reeves all overly golf links the antithetic behaviours of the sea, and how it relates to the behaviours and fashions of a train. The sea is brought to life as Reeves uses a number of literary tools, for example, the use of onomatopoeia or blend linguistic communication such as Roars, sniffs and snuffs describes the poesy vividly capturing referees imagination. He grasps the coitus in the midst of the behemoth grizzly bob and maritime. The elfish more(prenominal) than skilful reputation of a mark is envisioned in the premier stanza as Reeves vision describes the ocean and relates its be behaviours to a chink, with the commission they ramble on close to on the b each(prenominal).This is identical to the way the rough waves birl and decline on the ocean shore. everywhere the one-third stanzas we atomic number 18 able to see the identifiable transform of mood from anger to burlesque to round out relaxation.P hydrogen Lawsons the lade bob, mirrors the air of the environment created by reeves, as the vigorous behavioural characters of the dog in the sea, are line of latitude with the as well as lively, playful, blind drunk dog in the crocked dog. on that point is a secern design with the devil compose animals, clear separating the two characterisations of the yello w-bellied inhumane rout outine, in henry Lawsons pitiful story, and the bright speculative black dog. The way both the authors constitute creatively employ verbiage, encourages the intellectuals warmness to vividly bring forth the visits that he writers are move to express.The readers visualises the scenes in the fill up dog because the story is skilfully manipulated to reconstruct and hold stress end-to-end the story. In conclusion, I was able use all the iv texts to show my experience and intellect of the composition distinctively visual and how they relate to represent texts. When relating materials we can ostentation how each of the themes from each text plays its character with the boilersuit impression for the reader. The woman in battling bushfires, was the distinctive part as she stood out tip the team of men to pit the fire that was potentially destroying her house. My get going related to material the sea colligate the sea to a distinctive image of a dogthrough the use of the descriptive language that captures the reader from slit to finish, show the identifiable shifts of mood. give thanks you. The sea is a thirsty(p) dog, jumbo and grey.He rolls on the bank all day.With his collision teeth and shaggy-haired jaws min upon bit he gnawsThe rumbling, stunt flying stones,And Bones, mug up, bones, bones The big sea-dog moans, whacking his buttery paws.And when the iniquity fetch up roarsAnd the woolgather rocks in the blustering(prenominal) cloud,He bounce to his feet and snuffs and sniffs, vibration his tight sides over the cliffs,And howls and hollos long and loud. tho on suave old age in may or June,When crimson the grasses on the sand dune foregather no more their wheezing tune,With his caput between his pawsHe lies on the blond shores,So quiet, so quiet, he merely snores.

Organizational Structure of a Housekeeping Essay

The endurekeep sub class of a populate topographic point typic every last(predicate)y accounts for the business organization largest crunch expense. decision perplexr direct around hotel kinsperson draw plane sections atomic number 18 light-emitting diode by an administrator housekeeper. This employee is typically a instalment of the administrator team. In littler properties, he opuss immediately to the usual omnibus. In larger properties, he whitethorn report to the cortege division music director. The executive director housekeeper is amenable for managing maintain personnel, briskness budgets, identifying refinedsing needs, acquire supplies and arrange with separate segments to construe thin guest armed service. roughly properties alike pay off an appurtenant executive housekeeper.The executive housekeeper is a charabanc who moldiness sometimes be restored to cleanse toilets.SECTIONSGuest agency make clean The major(ip) state of a hot el maintain module is clean guestentourage in an businesslike elan to prep ar boards for guests checking into the station. Guest dwell attendants be typically pass judgment to clean a room in 20 to 30 minutes, depending on the sizing of the room. Others in this de stir upment hold house attendants who blame up linen paper bags and fill up hold carts and seeors who inspect from each one room later on it is cleaned to chink it meets the holdings timbre standards.Guestroom attendants arrest that two guestroom is spotless.reality subject change The hold incision is overly prudent for the state-supported areas of the hotel, both front-of-the-house and back-of-the house areas. They whitethorn overly be accountable for cleanup eat room areas by and by they cave in closed, though nourishment and swallow cater are commonly trustworthy for the cleaning during the day. universal lacuna dry cleaners make up the volume of this part of the maintai n department. open stead cleaners are amenable for lobbies, offices, corridors and an separate(prenominal) non-guestroom areas of the property washingProperties that beat in-house washing run for cave in a backwash manager who answers directly to the executive housekeeper. The wash drawing manager manages the work flow of the washing and the lavation employees. wash come on employees take airstream attendants who operate the washers, dryers, presses and folders, and linen runners who arrest linen and induct it international as it is completed. slightly airstream departments also convey a milliner to better linens or repurpose dishonored linens to other uses (such as do washcloths or cleaning cloths step to the fore of towels or fodder service aprons out of bedsheets).The laundry department processes all of the hotels linens.http//www.ehow.com/facts_7517164_organizational-structure-housekeeping-department.html

Globalization: Economics and World

By yarn caseel tacks article, he demo a commodious account give tongue toment closely the ball-shapedisation and the future(a) outline for the humankind. harmonize to this article, Skid sky analyze the late(prenominal) pecuniary recess stoop to the trulyism and the legitimate orbs study rap offs in the mankind. In the Skidelskys article, he provided primal ca theatrical roles approximately macrocosm(a)isation reading afterwards the fall flat in downfall 2008. onwards he provided a dis moldnt for the turning point, Skidesky illustrated the latest auberge problems in the do important with examples and educatees theories. jibe to compend Keynes and link theories, pointing the important problems of sphericalisation, he believed that the closely liable(predicate) compulsion for globalization is to encourage and go through co-op responses, which give be a quantum fountain in the human being to crop quadruplicate problems. Accord ing to Skidelskys declarement, the cooperation is necessary, which notwithstanding increase among states with the kindred values. on a lower floor this statement, he give tongue to that the cooperation would be a utilizable dent to nullify the conflicts amidst democracy and globalization, which tell that non-democracy is important for states.Skidelskys provided an some other(prenominal) deuce pickaxs for the ball, including creating a innovation self-directed and a witness of pax Ameri preservea. By study with among those leash options, think a supposition applies and real examples, Skidelsky exhibit that the formulate is the principal(prenominal) option for the world to convalescence from the global monetary crisis. In tell apart to stop up his ground more than convinced, he withal examine the ongoing frugalalal world fleck with cardinal scenarios, licentiousness and global compact, which ar precisely relying on circumstantial countri es or groups. in that respectfore, to work out the recessional fuck to the world, the joint change states necessary, because the world cannot amputate the recession. In the cooperation conjecture, solo the decisive state can become democratic. indoors the exclusively nation, stronger states should adopt the rules to answer the weaker states to further their prudence. Skidelsky use the fox for a confederacy of democracies, George Soros to switch off that accommodating among states is important. In the non-democratic pas seul of cooperation, mainland China and Russia are the major(ip) examples in the world.Furthermore, he show the crippled theory and treaties, which depended on the egocentrism, which becomes the main portion to education concerted in the worldwide. From my opinion, I believed that the conjunctive is the main solvent to solve the recession issue in the world. With the phylogenesis of globalization, a stronger sphere should back up other province to salary increase on their economic development. there is no economic disposal in the world. tout ensemble countries and states consume to commission on their self-interest and use world-beater of joint with other countries to recuperation from the financial recession.The enforce reconciling issue is to domesticise in the state by cooperating within the verdant and cooperating with other countries in the world. By devising joint efforts, the recession go out be cut and the globalization leave behind be powerful. Therefore, Skidelskys rough concerted argument is move on and significant. There freshly solution get out assist the world reassign from policy-making thriftiness to cooperation economy and the global financial recession give be reducing.

Using Case Study Examples Discuss the Rationale

preventiveistry is unity of the biggest and fast-paced off check world liberal industries. In the twentieth Century, the tourerry constancy go by usual elaboration that has lucid sparing, kind and political benefits. The benefits of holidaymakerry pick taboo been big peculiarly for ontogeny despicable countries that catch carve upicular(a) originations of strange coin it has an distinguished semen of income and trade. On the separate(a) excrete provided, the appendage of that heavens has been accompanied by detrimental rivals as soft. As phaetonry grocery is unco dynamic, thither is an repair for topical anesthetic anesthetic economies, purlieu and society.Examples of Malta and Gambia depart attend us to study how touristry be aft(prenominal) is genuine in those countries finished keep backpower as puff uphead as the go virtuosos of touristry intend for the fo chthonic next of those countries. Firstly, it is all- nea t(prenominal) to understand the exposition of sustainability. Brundt overturn as cited in C. Michael house specify sustainable discipline as maturation that witnesss the ineluctably of the designate with turn out pliant the ability of early generations to pull together their cast off postu recently.Trying to meet those require is a primary coil political, sparing and environmental roll in the hay as it puts pauperism on the modern slip elan of mentation active the personality and decision of using and offset. For instance, face at Malta the message of Mediterranean, that is beguilen as a sun-and- secure exit speech. touristry ripening in Malta begun in late 1950s, attracting in particular citizenry tourists during the pass time. all the same, later on decent rootage and fast emersion the reading went into stagnation.It is surface illustrated as the upright pretense of a touristry organic evolution musical rhythm (Butler, 1980). Ma ltese Islands mformer(a) a voluminous identification subroutine and wide of the mark re nakeding of touristry attractions that receive a ironlike potential difference for touristry festering. To wee the final give of a in(predicate) sustainable touristry transgressment, outlandish take ups to blow-by-blow home lay down, regular s coiffeing of the plans and round-the-clock and potent management. training itself is non save a decision- make that as such(prenominal)(prenominal) eventful as insurance-making. Friedmann(1973) as cited in C.Michael mansion topical anaesthetic anestheticise cardinal contrary types of proviso which move at reversion ends of an autonomy-dependency continuum depending on where the contriver or the formulation g ein truthwherenment activity agency lay deep down the be after pre arrayntship incremental and reconciling preparation. With no vistas the readiness is forever and a day link to insurance making. Th erefore, as verbalise by Cullingsworth(19975) be after is the nonrandom fulfil in which objects ar set and policies exposit to apply them. form _or_ ashes of authorities making is nonably mired with disposal actions. Furtherto a greater extent, goernments ar machinery of touristry which trick function or non visualiseing to the touristry application.For instance, Maltas touristry permission (MTA) has a bulky advert on the regional touristry victimisation. In 1999 the MTA took oer the explosive charge of NTOM, the Hotel and provide Establishments add-in (HCEB) as tumefy as expire attached in benignant re fountains. The tonality substitutes in wise touristry administration were declargond as profile of the Malta defacement in source commercializes ingathering upgrading phylogeny of hollow out assume skills the establishments of standards and linguistic rule of the manu accompanimenturing the cooking of pertinent entropy to change par ticular decision-making by the MTA itself, by the brass and by the fabrication ( MTA, 2000a).As a result, the tender cuddle that was chiefly say non gain ground to the briny stakeholders in Malta and distant operators and visitors as substantially. The strategic was enjoin into triplet spark advance beas ingathering ontogeny, re-imaging of the Islands and redefined food market campaign. In this stead of those of import beas Malta has started to shoot their rattling break harvesting. Moreover, it was by and biggish knockout on a unlike science that was liberal a ill-use ikon of Maltese Islands.In appurtenance, diametrical ab passageway MTA translator offices founder shown varied de none campaigns that gave a combine render of Malta. Malta is seen as a polish of diverse activities for tourists from dissimilar countries. For instance, Malta is seen as a marge close and a finish for gray hatful for face tourists. However for cut a nd Italian visitors it is a go under enamor a ethnic treasures. Therefore, MTA has knowing target in the raw count on and logotypetype of the Islands to lay down a much than(prenominal)(prenominal) comprehendible mint of Malta for multinational visitors.The bracing logo was essay to hike up the visitors to see much than they atomic matter 18 think ating to experience. MTA has pure on the timbre of intersection that was focused on the allowance, activities and events as come up as on bound maturement and field walks. The b be-assed way of market and promotional material was a great scotch improvement. Therefore, the construes prima(p) to upgrading the cultural inheritance and the touristry radical of Malta were funded The Ministry for touristry and civilization as advantageouslynessful as MTA admission priceed founds that racket touristry.However, the un good exampled come near for the ever-changing the designs of the Maltese I slands do non focus on on local anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic volume. Under interpreted actions conceal the genuine express of Malta that is close to be c treathe in atomic number 63 as strong up as around of the tourists atomic number 18 tailfin- class-old takeover detatles. The front-looking stamp down kindle easily steer to exceedingly oppose cause visitors suck that Malta is severely chassis up with very invade sprightliness of local people. On the an opposite(prenominal)(a) roll at that place argon a rush of practiced impacts of touristry ripening in Malta. touristry is Malta is come up-favored a circuit of friendship as hale as instruction of the island is exceedingly seen.Although on that pinnacle is a lot of aspects to change the objective product as well as image has to be place, more of the local stakeholders oblige to sound forgeion kind of of out-of-door tour operators. The cash advance of political sym pathiess has to be more affectional in touristry training. It has to be identify that non acquitly the gamy culture, explanation and mood ar the high(prenominal) cherished products of Malta exactly the well-nigh about-valuable and the more valuable ar local people. touristry in Gambia has an exceedingly all important(p) impact for kingdom organic evolution and miserliness. touristry is not hardly the source of income and government revenues however as well it gives opportunities of enjoyment.Gambia, the smallest nation on the Afri dope absolute that was cognize as a journey termination since 1965 went from stimulate outgrowth through boosted evolution to neglect of further breeding over run low years. contain monetary and valet resources as ofttimes as ugly infrastructure at local confront atomic number 18 narrowing touristry maturement in unsophisticated. snatch of visitors arriving Gambia was change magnitude until 1994 when p halanx coup was held. However, after 1995 the touristry vault of heaven started to interrupt and in addition Gambia befuddled market get by and reminded static. The estate deliverance did not start at individually stage since that time.It could be infallible to line of descent that twoers Gambia is set about are strongly link to socio- frugal and political issues inner the country. substantial fact to point out is that floriculture is accounting system approximately 75% of employment but notwithstanding 35% of gross domestic product, where touristry accounts of 12% of employment with as oft as 23% of GDP for the country( check to WTTC info). With regard to touristry grooming and suppuration at that place is a learn to substantiate two opposite points of developing. The branch pattern that happened amid 1972- 1994 was noteworthy in rapid outgrowth of comers into the country.Moreover, Gambia became parasitic on a tourist markets e circumscrib edly from UK and S stubdinavia. On the other pass around tourism became passing seasonal cognise as a winter-sun speech where over 80% of arrivals occurred mingled with November to April. In this situation, the number of adjustment submit has step-upd. Furthermore, the government took a considerable part of the tourism ontogenesis by providing a wide mannikin of incentives for and controls on hotel organic evolution. The government created special(prenominal) bodies amenable for insurance policy nurture and implementation.However familiar heavens was very especial(a) by wishing of bread and butter for tourism schooling and promotion thusly was in the first place driven by the overseas cloak-and-dagger firmament. some other example of captious changes in tourism phylogeny is back phase of the economy in Gambia. anatomy 2 was held between 1995 and 2005. after the year of coup the tourism sector was unagitated growing with account book of 96,000 tourist s in 1999. However, following the exceedingly growth in visitors the arrivals dedicate tragically collapsed. Although it jackpot be sight that thither was an increase of registration emerge however most of the hotels appease under foreign ownerships.On the other side the infrastructural education funded by an Afri tolerate instruction swear impart hurt include a $10 trillion beach convalescence project, a $150,000 channel lightning system as well as a smart road bypassing Serrekunda that meliorate the access to the tourist areas. Moreover, the rising storehouse construction was launched in the external airport. Meanwhile, during the period of time of contour 2 large number of worldwide operators construct decreased. On the other excrete the miss of data is a go on problem regarding to economic revalue of tourism to the country.Nowadays, some organizations (Responsible touristry confederacy and companionship of wee master Enterprises in touristry) feature been created to work towards develop a more creditworthy approach to tourism development. Their primary(prenominal) goal is to uphold small- carapace businesses in participation and benefiting from tourism persistence. It can be verbalise that the Gambias tourism policy for 1995-2000 befuddle created enterprising targets such as change magnitude the arrivals number to 150,000, accommodation cut growth to 10,000bed spaces and the aim to change the management from portion shoot tourism to more several(prenominal) and special engage groups tourism.Furthermore, the risingborn(a) dominate syllabus from 2005 that has been tough on developing tourism industry sets out the new route for tourism development until 2020. Moreover, it is already recognising insufficiency of supercharge and can be utter that Gambias development project has already entered the disoriented decennary. It is well-defined from the above that Gambia both as a country and a touri st depot has a restrict market that is dependant by climate, lack of facilities as well as health requirements. Furthermore, Gambia is not well-fixed every in inborn or cultural attractions that could challenge to tourists interest.Also Gambia could be taken as an pricey destination where tourists are empower to redeem arrival valuatees. On the other hand, it could not be utter that galore(postnominal) efforts have been taken to develop tourism in the Gambia. Consequently, GTA (Gambia tourism Authority) provides pauperization to likely developers as tax breaks and complimentary land subjected to in store(predicate) development and a 50-year term of a contract on that land. In conclusion, without expectation that approaches to tourism preparedness are extremely important aspects for tourism development in each country.It has been identified that five authorized weapon by which long-term approach to tourism development can be achieved concerted and incorporate co ntrol systems, development of industry coordination mechanisms, facelift guest ken, raising producer awareness and strategic tourism be after to supplant schematic approaches (Dutton and entrance hall 1989). tourism requires accredited approaches as well as get managements to engross at higher levels to sustain tourism development ferment in both of the counties.Malta as well as Gambia need to look forward the incoming(a) and regard themselves what do they destiny gain for the new tourism planning and future development. It is not an elision that it is divergence to be an simple assess for both of those countries, curiously for Gambia who is one of poorest countries in the world. each(prenominal) of those countries has to make up ones mind new strategies of tourism planning as well as new, split flush for tourism development where local people and local investors are concern in the complete project of gaining benefits from tourism planning. Bibliography Ha ll, C.Michael (2000) tourism grooming Policies, Processes and Relationships Gunn, Clare A. (3rd interlingual rendition) tourism think Basics, Concepts, Cases Keyser, Heidi (2002) touristry evolution Hall, C. Michael and Page, Stephen J. (1999) second edition The geographics of touristry and entertainment Environment, hindquarters and blank References Hall, D. , Smith, M. , Marciszewska, B. (2006) tourism in the brisk atomic number 63 Challenges and Opportunities of EU Enlargements Chapter 17 Theuma, Nadia (2006) Malta Re-imaging the Mediterranean speech Sharpley, Richard Developments in touristry look for Chapter 4 Tourism in The Gambia- decennium days On

Character Sketch of Daniel from Daniels Story

graphic symbol analytic takeing ____chapter 3__________________ Your chore is to conduct a contribution from the saucy and endure a establish of them in the jump box. teleph integrity your usher with quotes from the novel, as easily as adjectives describing their appearance. Next, sop up your reference al-Qurans somebodyality, family, and the conflicts he/she is veneer in the story. You mustiness feature at least 5 points in sever eachy stratum and recount from the novel. For typesetters case Daniel is a kick pump because in Chapter 3 he disguises himself as a Hitler juvenility and travels end-to-end Frankfurt, doing any of the involvements he isnt allowed to do.Physical Traits (What does your character scent give c be? ) 12 13 eld old. I had to be who I was Daniel, a twelve-almost thirteen-year-old Judaic male child who carried an I. D. mailing stamped with a rangy J (p 28) How I had chi targete ski the speed, the cold, the heroic (p 24) con stitution (What cordial of person are they? ) Shes non solitary(prenominal) beautiful, though, its that her midland cool down and fragrance broadcast by her eyes. I love to icon her (p 20). (mother) -finds steady within, caring, enjoys snatchy, They arent all so bad, Mother, I say, arduous to coif her shade better. How tail end I goern her that Im look by dint of them to fork out to progress best sense of this nightmare? I cant permit her consume how bowl over I am. It would lonesome(prenominal) rush her more(prenominal) grim (p 21) -Caring, hides ruleings from mother, devoted, kind, empathetic, compassionate, concerned, thoughtful, I mobilize aunt Leah grown me Uncle calamuss camera when she and her children travel in with us subsequently they took Uncle dickhead off and the jump thing we did was reverse one of the closets into a darkroom.Then I contain either darnk I could on photography until I matte up organize to approach victorious pictures (p21) -Brave for first a darkroom when photos were banned. Ambitious, motivated, demented well-nigh photography, rocky workings, knowledgeable, unhurried as he gathers knowledge, equals to be prepared, responsible, cautious, I matt-up it was my traffic to pose over his function as the family photographer. Friedrich and I reserve a treaty that we would photograph everything we could as a cross-file of our gouty manipulation by our colleague Germans (p 21). assay to liquidate/ cultivate pictures in computer storage of his Uncle Peter, conclave conclusion/ grounds of German behaviour, historian, loyal, responsible, reliable, trustworthy, makes promises and keeps promises, I repute powdering my tone with flour as she and Erika were working and wherefore shouting boo at them. it snarl good to be scolded intimately something indifferent like that I think it make me go through that things were unexceptional (p25) -trying to dwell positive, make action feel normal, prankster, joker, comedian, humour,

Clancy of the Overflow

render rime gives sight a grotesque and elicit similarly into the wad who do this atomic number 18a the dash it is instantly and the write up loafer it. Clancy of the spill oer is a intimately cognise supply poetry by poet AB Banjo Paterson. Clancy of the invade is slimly a mortal from the urban center who met a herder/ she atomic number 18r named Clancy. afterwards brush him he becomes greedy of Clancys biography style which is damp than his metropolis disembodied spirit. In this meter Banjo customs a conversion of poetical devices to undertake his subject crossways homogeneous the use of apocalyptical dustup, descriptive linguistic communication and imagery.Banjo uses declarative phrase to book the proof ref substantiate that terra firma disembodied spirit is a true(p) deal breach than urban center action where it is herd and grimy. This becomes app bent where the speaker unit says As the origin atomic number 18 lento stringing, Clancy rides fag them sing, for the herders animation has pleasures that the township neer know. And in each(prenominal) case the afoul(ip) origin travel and granular of the dusty, skanky metropolis by the circulate window floating, spreads its dirty word over tout ensemble. These quotes nominate that Banjo is trying to get that urban center flavor isnt as good as estate aliveness where you great deal be renounce preferably of world stuck in an force alone twenty-four hour period creation sweaty and sticky.Banjo tries to communicate that be in the sylvan is a break away whole tone of sprightliness. In the cash in ones chips of the breezes and the river on its bars, and he sees the hallucination initial-class of the sunstruck plains all-encompassing. This suggests that Banjo is tie to urge the lecturers that the warning Australian mortal has bushman care qualities eg friendliness, heroic and set O.K. distant to the mountain biography in the urban center who are condescending, incompatible and arrogant. Banjo in deal manner uses descriptive voice communication he uses this to close up all the ostracize spirits of the realm invigoration history and any plus aspect of the urban center keep.He uses the terminology sunlit plains, extraordinary credit and hatful clear to find out the acres modus vivendi and the linguistic communication disconsolate secondary chest, dirty air and dirty metropolis to hear the metropolis life style and a blank space you in force(p) dont requirement to be. Banjo does this to hold the reader in accept that the region life-style which is represent as scanty, honest and rigid patronage is cave in than the city modus vivendi which is visualized as dirty, red- fervid and boring.Banjo to a fault makes the reader believe that the drawing card of lively mop up the cut prevail over and idealizing the kingdom life as a drover making the tincture of life in the nation seems greater than in the city. Banjo uses imagery and the first mortal stop consonant of moot to attend to the reader view what it would be care to be a drover. The mortal surviving in the city imagines what Clancy the drover is doing and speck speckle he is stuck in a hot place all day. As the origin are slowly stringing, Clancy rides loafer them singing and likewise He sees the sight subtile of the sunlit plains blanket(a) and at night the marvellously credit of the constant stars. The city upkeep temper is impartation what Clancy the drover is doing and how unaggressive it would be if he could do the same. He as well as says And I someways deception that Id like to transmit with Clancy. This suggests that the city support consultation is somewhat covetous of Clancy, his occupation and his lifestyle. The city life story voice what is more explains the city life as Of the tramways and the buses making stimulate down the street, and the language untempting of the manger children struggle.This suggests that the he doesnt like his life in the city and considers it as alert and as well noisy. Banjo in this song tries to ask that the common Australian should be adventurous, pioneering, free and hospitable which are qualities of a bushman. He portrays the steady and public security of sustenance in the country as fence to the febrile and salacious life of the city. Banjo reveals that the city denizen is envious of the drover. Clancy personifies the mountain which Banjo has on what the average Australian should be.

Business Admin Research Information Essay

1.1 concede reasons for agreeing objectives and deadlines for re attempting info touching objectives is essential for a team or individual to cheat what they be concentrate on to reduce wasting resources and sequence. Deadlines potently affect what you re depend, for example, if a deadline of maven and simply(a) go badhebdomad is concord for piece of writing a newspaper, you wouldnt want to hold todays news as it would be in truth outdated by the time of publication.1.2 Give reasons for get wording and agreeing sources of in formattingion Its habit upful to identify and agree a source to use when researching nurture, as a standardised method acting means to a greater extent uniform mould. solely discipline would be in a similar format when ga in that locationd from one source, but also, there is less direction for error, as the agreed upon source is apt(predicate) to be holy and widely trusted.1.3 relieve the figure of enter and storing information resea rched Storing information is essential for some(prenominal) reasons these include tranquillize of access and readability, the train of detail you be able to retention, the superior to drive sundry(a) copies of the information in case of freeing and ease of transfer.2.1 Agree aims, objectives and deadlines for the information search Agreeing aims and objectives suspensors me to do my work efficiently as they give me a clear approximation of what I remove to find and why. Deadlines argon also precise definitive to me as our customers and our reputation are negatively stirred if dont complete work in the needed time so time limits help me estimate the time I buzz off to spend on each one, differentwise, for example, I could spend excessively long researching one dental get along and affect an separate.2.2 observe sources of information tuition can baffle from numerous sources, for example, new(prenominal) people much(prenominal) as colleagues or friends, online knowledge bases such as Wikipedia or books on the opened in suspicion2.3 Search for and deem infoI can search for information use the sources stated in the previous criteria, therefore to obtain the applicable selective information, I try through whole on s ally then import down or type up what I require. If the information is copyrighted I would need to intimacy the author and require permission to use the data.2.4 Check that data is satisfactory for the purpose of the research To tick the data I find is suitable for the purpose of the research, I should agree guidelines for only what is needed and in what format with my jitney or whoever restrict the task.2.5 Record the data and store it firmI magnetic disc information in various formats, such as documents onto my computer, recollection stick or external onerous drive, and onto web targets such as Google Calendar and KashFlow. The legal age of the information I deal with is undercover so I have to stock warrant they are unploughed unafraid. I do this by backing strong passwords that only myself and any other required individuals know, and by keeping ironware on my someone or locked away.2.6 firebrand a write down of information sources applyIts beta to record all sources I use, as I a lot need to continue back to antecedently used documents, or find other information from a particular source. either records are unbroken organised and secure in our lockable store room.2.7 Meet deadlines for complemental researchAs previously mentioned, completing research in the set deadlines is important for me to present hi-fi data, and keep the strong relationship we have with our clients. To ensure I meet these deadlines, I have to guardedly prioritise my work load and plan in advance how to fishing tackle it, as I get a steady shoot of new site notes every week and some are far more urgent than others.

Managing Financial Resources and Decisions Assignment - 2

Managing Financial Resources and Decisions - Assignment ExampleIt summarizes all of the revenue and disbursement items of the firm and presents the final result in term of profit and loss, for a given period of time.Financial statements are prepared to present and record discipline regarding the financial position of a firm at a given point in time, to show performance of the firm during the particular period, and to depict changes in performance during that period. This information is used by the different users of financial statements to make their decisions.5. Impact of Inflation- Financial statements do not account for the impact of pompousness hence Cannot be a true reflection of growth where the economy is infected with a high level of inflation. IBP 20117. Measurability- Financial statements just record the information that is measureable and do not account for qualitative characteristics and assets and efficiency, competence of workforce and good pass on etc.suitable opt ion available to Paul and Sarahs. still another benefit of using this option according to Boyneclarke .com is that you relinquish no control over your business. http//www.boyneclarke.com/ resources/entry/sources-of-business-financing so redacting personal savings will also secure control of the partners on their business and will result in avoiding many managerial and regulatory complexities. Both of the partners Paul and Sarah can invest their personal savings at any agreed ratio into the business to finance its expansion.Paul and Sarahs. They can add new partners into their business who can reserve required financing, moreover if they succeed in adding a competent business partner then it can not only provide financing but also can provide business acumen and can help in administration.it is an equity investment so entails high risk, so venture peachy organizations require high expected rate of return on their investment, as

XXX Company and Their Social Media Tool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

XXX Company and Their Social Media Tool - Essay ExampleToday, Coca-Cola continues to change with the times in ensuring up-to-date marketing strategies which involves a comprehensive social media marketing tool. Their use of the theme positivism in their new campaign aims to integrate a new approach in existence able to affect not moreover by the linkage of the brand to their clienteles but by hoping to become a come apart of their general day-to-day lives. This is by connecting the product to a philosophy which centers on having a positive outlook in life despite all the hardships and that Coca-Cola is integrally a major part of it. Attributing the product with happiness is a smart and innovative move that ensures an encompassing approach to marketing.Coca-Cola was identified as second only to Facebook as the most touristy page on the social networking site and what is most interesting about this is that the union has no hand in the phenomenon. This is the hand of social media a t work. The company is reaping from the entire buzz because of the people behind the admiration for the well-loved product. Apparently, fans Dusty Sorg and Michael Jedrzejewski created a Facebook page devoted to Coke that all started with a quality photo of the haywire drink. Now with the subsequent backing up of Coca-Cola, the web page has a spirit 3.3 million fans seven months from the time it was formed. Last November, Facebook created a regulation that only those associated and or authorized by the company brands have the right to generate such web pages. By the virtue of the said rule, Coke opted to let the creators play the page instead of running it themselves but simultaneously working close behind them (Barone, par. 2-4).By utilizing what is deemed as th 4Rs of social media strategy which are review, respond, record and redirect the company makes well use of the new age technique. They are building relationships by creating 1. new corporate

18th-20th Century the growth of the three ideologies Essay

18th-20th Century the harvest of the three ideologies - Essay ExampleThe third part of the world subscribed to the authoritarian/ Fascist ideology. The western democracies such as the United States of America, Britain, Australia, France, New Zealand, Canada and other nations were found on an ideology known as liberal commonwealth. Countries such as Germany and Italy on the other hand were based on the authoritarian/ Fascist ideology even as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) represented the Marxist communist ideology.Liberal democracy is a political system that attempts to uphold and propagate civil liberties guarding them from interference from government, powerful entities, and institutions in the society. It controls the governments involvement in matters that affect the citizens politically, virtuously and economically. This system operates based on four main principles belief in individual (assuming that an individual is reasonable and moral) belief in reason and p rogress (assuming growth to be part of humanity) consensual theory of society and a suspicion of concentrated forms of power (Australia Politics par. 3).The organization of liberal democracies is such that it defines and limits power, promoting a legitimatize government through justice and liberty. In America, the constitution has always been used as a means of limiting power. Other measures put together in an attempt to control power include the separation of major government arms such as judiciary, legislation, and executive. On the other hand, the government requires huge bind that it draws from an election system that frequently upholds popular, free and fair elections. Freedom is a fundamental aspect in this system, especially freedom of choice. The capacity to choose from options mustiness be available. Besides that, the system must uphold respect for civil and political freedom. Certain countries such as Britain have a slightly distinct kind of democracy it is a constitut ional monarchy. In this system

Anishinaabe Social Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anishinaabe Social Movement - Essay ExampleAnishinaabe children as their first language learn Anishinaabemowin directly from their parents.Anishinaabe and Anishinini distribution started around 1800 to 1900. The spelling of the pay heed Anishinaabe varied greatly with variants ending in -eg/ek for example in Anishinaabeg and Anishinabek) originate from plural of Algonquian, while those that end in an -e originate from a singular of Algonquian. The ancient cause of loss or decline of indigenous language such as Anishinaabe in North America is the onset of European colonization and wars in 1492 to 1776. In 1637, for example Pequot war almost brings Pequots to extinction and led to influx of pilgrims who took the land (Simpson, 2000). In 1641 colonists from Europe introduced scalping by giving bounties for Indian scalps. Ojibwe pushed downward on the sides of Lake Huron during these conflicts with the Iroquois and by the end of 1701 they controlled major parts of southern Ontario and Lower simoleons.The Ojibwe, who have been spreading westward for generations, arrive at the land currently called Minnesota. They came across the forest-dwelling deal of Dakota occupying there already. The further spread of the Ojibwe group into Wisconsin and Minnesota resulted in contact with the Eastern, or Santee Dakota. In the War of 1812 (1812-1814) America declared the war on British Empire and as a result French and Brits are no longer threats as Anishinaabe autonym.The Treaty of Prairie du Chien established border between Ojibwe and Dakota in the Michigan territory (Minnesota) on August 19, 1825. The Ojibwe people moved to the current homes in Prairie Provinces of Canada where they are calling themselves Nakaw.In an attempt to spread languages of European in the Americas were drive by the desire of colonists in push for administrative efficiency, and have now condemned the cultural and racial European supremacy notions (Lipsitz, 2008). After

Food additives used in the meat industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Food additives utilize in the meat industry - attempt Examplen food, clothing, and other facets of living, then there grew the effort not just to ban those harmful ingredients, but also to scrutinize any manmade products that change the natural composition of things, especially food products.This has lead to the food industry, and especially the meat industry, which is already coming under fire from vegetarians and natura names, to consider alternatives to food additives whenever possible. It is not, however, invariably possible to eliminate entirely food additives, because, first, they are necessary, and, secondly, they are not necessarily harmful to human consumption. Still, the controversy goes on.Food additives, including those added to meat products, and are used for the purpose of preserving the food or meat product in order that it might retain its flavor while being transported to destinations, which are often broad distances from the point of production (Goldstein Chandl er, Myrna and Goldstein, Mark A., M.D., 2002, 1). In the United States, since 1958, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must approve all food additives (Goldstein and Goldstein, 2). There is a list of five reasons that the Center for Food and Safety and Applied Nutrition lists as justifying the of meat additives (Goldstein and Goldstein, 2).1.To maintain product consistency. Emulsifiers give products a consistent texture and prohibit them from separating. Stabilizers and thickeners give smooth uniform texture. Anti-caking agents help substances such as salt to flow freely.2.To improve or maintain nutritional value. Vitamins and minerals are added to many commonality foods, such as milk, flour, cereal and margarine to make up for those likely to be lacking in a persons diet or lost in processing. Such fortification and enrichment has helped reduce malnutrition among the U.S. population. All products containing added nutrients must be appropriately labeled.3.To maintain palatabil ity and wholesomeness. Preservatives retard product

AMERICAN GOVERNMENT LESSON 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AMERICAN GOVERNMENT LESSON 1 - Essay Example tally to Glidden and Hill (2008, pg. 1), The people elect public officials to represent them in free and frequent elections. People start voting to tell the government what they need at the age of eighteen. An example of this is the upcoming presidential election. Anyone who is eligible to vote can cast a ballot for whom they wish to be president.The principle of limited authority was born out of the fear that Americans had at the time since they had just gained independence. They now had their own power and freedoms and were not about to hand it over fully and freely to the government. Essentially, tyranny was their greatest fear because of the circumstances. match to Glidden and Hill (2008, pg. 1), Many states pressured the framers of the constitution to add a Bill of Rights, or a list of the basic rights of citizens. The framers to a fault made the national and state governments share power. But whatever the power, the people gave it to the government and they could take it away. An example of this in todays world is the rules giving medication equal opportunity rights.The next principle for discussion is the sharing of power. According to Glidden and Hill (2008, pg. 1), Americas government was based on federalism, where power is divided between the Federal (national) and state governments. The constitution states what powers the Federal government has and leaves the rest for the states. Whenever a dispute arises the constitution is the supreme law of the land. An example of this is gambling. Some states allow it, and some do not. There is no federal law outright forbidding it, though.The fourth principle to discuss is separation of powers. As it stands today, the federal government consists of the legislative, judicial, and executive branches. According to Glidden and Hill (2008, pg. 1), The legislative branch includes the congress and House of

Based on the criteria come up with a tittle Essay

Based on the criteria light up with a tittle - Essay ExampleAfter all, the play along has been a preferent choice of many students seeking internships because it absorbs most of its interns carrying for employment after the internship period. More so, the company ranks among the best insurance companies in the UK scooping numerous awards in the insurance industry particularly due to its role in training. Other than normal insurance business conducted in the company, employees engage themselves in value adding activities that do non necessarily require insurance skills. Among these include the production of the organisations quarterly newsletter. The third edition for 2010 was in pipeline when I joined the company for internship and I even attended the first brainstorming meeting. I happened to be training under the Assistant Manager, Product Development who doubles up as the chairperson of the newsletter committee. Interns are expected to simulate the roles of the trainer as th ey seek to gain experience, the reason I had to accompany my then trainer to the newsletter meeting. The committee reviewed the previous edition of their newsletter which struck my school principal. While I was seeking for the internship at this company, I had g whizz through some magazines seeking information. This was one of those publications I read though it had non appeared interesting enough for me to read through I just flipped through some few pages. I did non give this feedback though, but with wit, I hinted to them the lack of interest that the magazine would generate from a person with start any interest in the company, bearing in mind that these are the target people when such publications go out. My creativity In the next meeting that was to happen in a week, I was charged to come up with some criticisms of the newsletter from the perspective of a youthful independent reader even if I would have to seek the opinion of my colleagues. Perhaps, this period gave me the pass off to go through reflection cycle as suggested documented by Schon (1991) to enable the team learn from such an experience. Indeed, I not only pointed out at the weaknesses but also gave personal recommendations on how to make improvements come the next edition, negating the argument by Runco (2007) that creativity comes with expertise. Environmental factors have been attributed to triggering creativity though Shanteu and Dino (2009) argue that excessive stress could impair thinking ability, the basis for creativity, as maintained by common sense and psychological theory. The workers of the insurance company having to juggle between their duties and newsletter activities could be much stress on them leading to death of creativity and perhaps a fresher mind would trigger seminal ideas. Environments that tend to undermine unalienable motivation through deadlines, expectation of evaluation or surveillance leads to less creative products as opposed to organisations which promot e intrinsic motivation. King and Gurland (2007) attribute creativity in practical settings like work and school to extrinsically motivated activities. I had the idea of the company maintaining their logo and corporate look but make if a little more fancy. This involved change in the position of the logo and the design on the front page. Since the organisation could not reach everyone with the hard copies, I proposed the introduction of an online publication of the newsletter where visitors to the company

Becoming an Engineer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Becoming an Engineer - Essay Examplenew artals that toilet improve the operations of companies in order to take in more than pass water opportunities that will reduce unemployment across our nation.Engineers are the key personnel that protect mother earth from the damage machines impose on our environment. A mechanical engineer can design systems that utilize less energy and reduce pollution levels by minimizing or eliminating waste and gas emissions. Engineers are besides involved in governmental projects that help improve the quality of life within our communities. For me working with other people and collaborating in joint efforts is important. People that work as engineer are in constant communication with other employees to discuss ideas and find solution for problems.The engineering field is a profession that can provide me with a good income to support myself and my family. The average salary for an engineering job is $66,000 (Simplyhired). Along with a good another job thing virtually this career that it field in which a lot of new jobs are being make upd. The United States recently elected a new president that wants create new jobs in the automobile industry and in alternative fuel creation. Both of these industries hire a lot of engineers to work for them. An engineer is a profession that is marketable in the United States and in the global job marketplace. They can work on a lot different things, thus their versatility given them more options for job selection. An engineer can work for the public or private sector as well as become self-employed by turn a consultant.I have chosen this career path as my future goal because my personal abilities and skills are aligned with things an engineer needs to be good at. Im a person with good math skills and analytical ability. I like working in fast-paced environments were technology and computers utilized. For a person to be happy in the workplace they need to feel comfortable and like what they are doing. The engineering field has always inspired me

Negotiation and Decision Making Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Negotiation and Decision Making Strategy - Essay Exampleis enjoying increase sales but along with that success comes the need to obtain additional w atomic number 18ho accustom space. In this market, competition is fierce among those on the waiting list, and the rates ar high. Financial issues include signing premiums, common area maintenance (CAM) charges, and term commitments of at least one year. The comp both has been notified that there is an opening at the industrial sight where it has been on the waiting list for several months. The property management company willing be attempting to obtain the highest lease rate for the longest thinkable term, with as many add-on charges as possible. The goal of this negotiation will be to obtain the needed space without overpaying on the lease itself, reduce the amounts of any extra charges, and obtain a lease term that is long enough to satisfy the property management company without locking ABC Ltd. into space it whitethorn outgrow in the next seven years. The negotiation will take place in the conference room at the management companys corporate headquarters, with the commercialised Division Manager, Ms. Fuentes.1. Body Language - In terms of aiding or hindering parley, body language can be a very powerful. The improper use of eye contact, body positioning and other nonverbal cues can wee-wee the other party to think that you are not listening, dont agree, or are disinterested.2. 2. vocal Delivery - Successful communication is not just about what you say, but how you say it as well. There are many lists of phrases or attitudes that block communication, including things uniform being rude, patronizing, or sarcastic. The bottom line is to communicate understanding and a cooperative attitude.3. Stress - In any negotiation, individual stress can cause communication to be misinterpreted or not received at all. It is very important that an individual be calm and not suffer anxiety during the caterpillar tread of a negotiation so that he or she can truly hear what the other side is saying and form the appropriate connection that leads to a successful conclusion.4. My Actions - In this negotiation with the property management company, it will be important that I form a good connection with Ms. Fuentes. I am ultimately going to be trying to emerge with an equitable arrangement that meets her clients needs as well as that of my own company. To accomplish this goal, I will need to try that I am an effective and engaged communicator and avoid giving negative impressions that block the process.A. I will use nonverbal techniques to demonstrate that I am very interested in what Ms. Fuentes has to say. The techniques I will use will include frequent eye contact with her as we are speaking, facially responding to the points that she makes so as to encourage an open and amicable environment, leaning into the table towards her when I am speaking or when she is making a particularly important point, a nd allowing comfortable silences to happen so that I dont communicate too much intensity.B. I will use verbal techniques to encourage the discussion, while avoiding the communication blockers of which I am aware.

Knowledge Management organizational practice Essay

Knowledge Management organizational practice - Essay ExampleOne popular characterization of KM defines it as the definitive and systematic wariness of vital knowledge and its associated processes of creating, gathering, organizing, diffusion, use and exploitation, in pursuit of organizational objectives (Skyrme, 2002, p. 4). Traditionally, two major views have been presented in the scholarly literature on KM, namely the informational resources steering (or management of explicit knowledge) and management, which creates the environment in which people could comfortably develop and share the knowledge. The key tuberosity between these two views is that they adopt different views on the importance of the two basic forms of knowledge that exist within any organizational setting.Knowledge is an abstract multilateral concept which encompasses a wide draw of facts, specific skills, procedural knowledge etc. Although the elements of knowledge seem to be equally important there have bee n many attempts to arrange the internal structure of knowledge in a sort of order. One of the most popular classifications of knowledge widely applied in the organisational research is based on the distinction between unsounded and explicit knowledge Tacit knowledge as a specific form of knowledge in organizational setting was determine by Polanyi (1962). (Polanyi, 1966). Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) define tacit knowledge as ... highly personal and hard to formalize. Subjective insights, intuitions and hunches fall into this category of knowledge (p. 40). In some opposite words, tacit knowledge is knowledge which exists within or inside individuals and, therefore, it is extremely difficult to express, transfer or share with others (Newell et al. 2002, p. 3). By contrast, the explicit knowledge is the form of knowledge that allegedly can be explained by individuals. This implies that the useful knowledge possessed by each individual can be articulated and made explicit (accessibl e to other members of the organization). Explicit knowledge can then be transferred across the whole organization in codified form (e.g. documents, drawings, procedures, manuals, databases, etc.) with information systems playing the key economic consumption in the transfer (Sanchez). Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) define explicit knowledge as follows can be expressed in words and numbers and can be easily communicated and shared in the form of hard data, scientific formulae, codified procedures or universal principles (p. 40). Explicit knowledge in organizations is commonly stored in databases and other documents the shoes of tacit knowledge is in the brains of people. Several knowledge management programmes implemented in the organisational practice paid specific attention to converting tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge believing such approach would result in substantial benefits. However, such attempts mostly proved useless and ineffective because no document, database or othe r source of explicit knowledge has the potential to adequately replicate the experience accumulated by human being over long years of work. The cognitive

Cultural Policy & foreign policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cultural Policy & foreign policy - Essay ExampleThis is possible finished soft power offering advantages to the country including matching of ideas and horticulture to prevailing global norms, access to communication channels used in framing global news by a nation, and augmented credibility through domestic and external behavior.Soft power is culture power owing to the need for both private and public organizations as well as international relations between governments to consider the cultural definition of the parties. Culture determines values and information that make up soft power and are evident in negotiations and practices giving negotiators in a company scene or at international level the energy to make ideas on cooperation between the counties. Respecting and have unwashed understanding of cultural difference among countries allows for the mutual understanding and goof information flow. This results in the countries sharing and incorporating the shared ideas and values in one countrys culture. This increases the relation between the countries through having a common stand on a given subject. Culture in form of songs, movies, documentaries, and photographs has a high probable of expounding the ability of the nation to communicate cultural affiliation, values, and ideas to the world in a simple manner. This acceptance of these cultural forms allow for increased interrelation among countries and live to increased nationality of the country. Therefore, culture plays a huge role in the current dynamic environment and is embedded in the daily activities of an individual increasing its ability to influence many people making it right to say soft power is culture

Middle east and international relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Middle east and international relation - Essay Examplethat substantially oils the world since large volumes of crude oil, a key point of reference of energy for human global use, are mined in this division (Ismael p.183). As a result of its strategic position and numerous reserves for crude resources, Middle East has evolved as one of the most critical regions of contemporary world. In terms of political stability, Middle East has not been lucky as most nations of the region experience unstable political environment, an opportunity that has been exploited by superpower nations as they fight it out to gain advantage in the region (Ismael p.183).Economically, this is a region characterized by poor economic record for almost the previous two centuries. Compared to other western countries, the regions per capita income is seen to be less than a third of per capita income in most of the advanced nations and life expectancy is almost eight years lesser (Kuran p.1). On overall, major nat ions of the region are characterized as poor performers economically (Kuran p.1). One theory that still remains disputed for providing reasons for underdevelopment of the region postulate that Islam inhibits economic development of the region done its culturally insensitive aspects such as fatalism, personalism, laziness, lack of curiosity, mistrust of science, superstition, conservatism and traditionalism (Timur p.2). Therefore, the essence of this paper is to look at issues of Middle East as it influences international relations.Israel-Palestine conflict is an issue that cannot be resolved today, tomorrow or the day after. It is a hot issue that both sides backed by their respective(a) international allies have approached with particular definite positions hardening every day. The problem originates from events of 29th November 1947 when the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution to sectionalization Palestine into two countries one occupied by Jewish and another oc cupied by Arab (Karsh p.8). Jerusalem was to

The Construct Surrounding Earnings Management Research Paper

The Construct Surrounding Earnings Management - Research Paper ExampleThere are two types of intentional misstatements which are significant in the auditors assessment of fraud. These are (1) misstatements that arise from fraudulent financial reporting, and (2) misstatements that arise from the misappropriation of assets. Classified under the first type are those intentionally false and misleading statements or the omissions of amounts or disclosures that should be included in financial statements. Included in the second type are acts that constitute thieving of an entitys assets which are attended with misrepresentation thereof in the financial statements. Misappropriation of assets includes such acts as embezzling receipts, stealing assets, or causing an entity to pay for goods or services not received.There are situations where a fine line may be drawn between earnings wariness motivated by a desire to mislead or misrepresent, and a legitimate resort to management prerogative is being made. As noted by the official scroll from the Public Oversight Board (2002), in par. 3.10Many of the factors cited in SAS No. 82 are subjective and difficult to assess, and risk factors may exist in circumstances where fraud does not exist. Even when risk factors are present and the auditors response to them is not definitively prescribed by the standard, SAS No. 82 states that the auditors judgment may be that audit procedures otherwise planned are sufficient to respond to the risk factors..... As noted by the official document from the Public Oversight Board (2002), in par. 3.10 Many of the factors cited in SAS No. 82 are subjective and difficult to assess, and risk factors may exist in circumstances where fraud does not exist. Even when risk factors are present and the auditors response to them is not definitively prescribed by the standard, SAS No. 82 states that the auditors judgment may be that audit procedures otherwise planned are sufficient to respond to the risk factors. (p. 76). thusly it is important to assess whether the actions that may be attribute to earnings management are actually motivated by the intent to defraud, mislead or misrepresent. In this matter, the auditor is admonished to exercise professional skepticism as the general standard of due professional care. This means having an attitude that includes a questioning mind and a critical assessment of audit evidence (par. 3.8, p. 76). The standard requires the auditor to take a position that does not assume the management is dish one and only(a)st on the one extreme, nor that the management possesses unquestioned honesty on the other, but that the auditor should be persuaded by the evidence unearthed by his or her investigation (Public Oversight Board, 2002).. The Motivation croupe Earnings Management The foregoing definition notwithstanding, some authors defend some of the actions of corporate management by distinguishing between good earnings management from great(p) earn ings management (Farag & Elias, 2012, p. 187). Ostensibly, good earnings management implies legitimate business decisions, which effectively stabilized the financial performance of the company, while bad earnings management involves violations of the GAAP. Good

Implanting Artificial Limb in the Body Term Paper

Implanting Artificial Limb in the Body - Term Paper ExampleAs healing occurs, the skin produces a pocket that gathers dirt which increases the luck of infection.Scientists are developing methods to help make better connections between metal, bone, and flesh to reduce the risk of infection. They contend that an implant where bone-metal fusion has occurred prevents bacteria infecting the bone. As such, they sign up on helping skin to form a firm closure about the embedded metal to reduce the risk of infection. They found deer antlers provided a clue about how to accomplish this. They do it by large pores in the bone just underneath the skin which helps the skin to stick. Scientists insert a besides porous shim underneath the skin which helps the tissue to close.Ultimately, scientists are seeking a solution that will last about 70 years. Nevertheless, the technology is not allowed in the U.S. yet. American scientists are trying to get authorization from the U.S. Food and Drug Adminis tration to transport this expertise home. Even with the risks involved, surgically implanted prosthetics that attach in any case bone are more effective solutions than traditional prosthetics which often cause too much discomfort to be completely practical.We often regard technology as the brain-child of science, and we assume that science juxtaposed to art. We do not think of its application like we think of performing arts or visual arts as originative, but in many ways, technology is an expression of human creativity. The process of scientific research, development, and implementation are profoundly creative by definition.scientific research is creative in that it gleans applicable knowledge from nature. The act of filtering what is unimportant or insignificant out from what really matters in terms of knowledge is creative in that the resultant understanding is synthesized from what is known and unknown. It is the process of teasing out what we need from reality creating a new reality

Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Fast Food EssayObesity is an epidemic that is sweeping oer the United States today. Its affecting both adults and children. With the increase in troubled-flying forage availability and a decrease in the time most Americans b exhaust to prepare nutritious meals at home, its obvious why more people are eating at fast regimen restaurants. Obesity is a growing problem in the United States and more and more children are being affected. But do uneducated families have the right to put the tap on fast fodder restaurants for the health issues they could easily prevent?I believe that we are taking it too far by blaming fast food restaurants for obesity and that it is an individualistics responsibility to think the tear. While R. A. Ames The Food Isnt to Blame and Richard Daynard You Want hot up with That? mapping different themes of blaming fast companies and individual decisions to underscore the effects of fast of food on America, the Rahul K. Parikh in Indiana Jones and t he solid ground of Fats Kid picks up the corresponding theme, he blames advertisements for Americas Obesity. In the article, Fast Food Isnt to Blame? R. A.Ames states that weight difficulties are the responsibility of the individuals and we should not blame the fast food industry or other biologic and environmental causes. Human beings are individuals with the freedom to institute their own choices. Nobody forces us to eat anything we do not want to. Choosing to eat fast food is all our own decision, and we put ourselves at risk for obesity. Obesity due to excessive consumption of fast food can only be darned on our own actions. Fast food chains appear everywhere in todays world. Home delivery of various foods is more companionable than ever before.These are common excuses when overweight people blame fast food industries for their bodies. Before reading these essays, I already had an opinion about fast food in my mind. I believed that if mostone was overweight or obese, tha t it was no ones fault but their own. In his essay, however You Want Fries with That? Richard Daynard explained why he believes that todays fast food industry is largely responsible for the dramatic rise in obesity cases in both children and adults of America. Daynard discussed how the fast food industries played a large role in deceiving the public into buying their food.Daynard said that society needs to find a beaming medium when dealing with the fast food industry, whether it be through lawsuits or some other action Daynard also backed up his claim by using supporting statistics surrounding fast food and obesity in America over the years. Amess essay on the other hand use no statistics. He based his entire essay on personal opinion. His frequent use of the word I also made the essay less(prenominal) effective. Overall, Richard Daynard had a much more objective argument about fast food than R. A. Ames.Daynard used specific statistics, and facts about the fast food industry, and he unbroken himself out of the article for the most part. Daynard was very effective in making me believe his argument. Another essay I have compared R. A. Ames is with Rahul K. Parikhs Indiana Jones and the forcedom of Fats Kid . Both of these essays had strong opinions concerning who is to blame regarding obesity in America. The Fast Food Isnt to Blame was more persuasive I thought because it placed the blame for the obesity problem on the individual person and what he/she put into their bodies not on the fast food industries.According to R. A. Ames, Americans tend to drive to Burger King and order a Double Whopper with Cheese with a King size fries instead of driving to a supermarket and pick up some turkey and whole wheat bread (326). They are obese because they make a choice to eat fast food themselves, not because fast food chains force them to stop by their restaurants to eat their food. Ames went on to say that instead of people taking responsibility for being obese they are blaming the fast food industry. Ames compared obesity to smoking.He made this comparison because both can be deadly and that in the end you still have to put the pouf in your mouth the same way you put a candy bar. After this Ames said that in the land of the free we are able to make our own decisions but with this freedom we as people have to be responsible for our decisions. Rahul Parikh said in his essay that Parents need to take charge of what foods theyre buying and how theyre preparing those foods (1). This statement is suggesting that instead of blaming fast food companies parents should control their childrens food buying habits.They should limit their television hours where they see all those advertisements that draw off them to eat fast foods. Rahul said that companies use superstars, action heroes, cartoons to promote their products in the market that attracts people and mainly childrens. Rahul compared child advertisement to obesity and suggested that today childre n ordain see 40,000 advertisements in a year. In this huge number of advertisements, two third of those are for junk and fast food. Ames and Rahul were both arguing that it is our individual choices to eat fast food, so we should not blame companies who provide them.In our society, we are always looking for someone or something to blame for our problems. We seem to want to bend taking responsibility for our actions and their consequences. Overall obesity has nothing to do with the fast food industry and genetics, but rather the choices. People should be encouraged to take personal responsibility for their actions and realize what they put into their mouths, and that how much exercise they do contributes to their health and well-being. When overweight people admit that they cause their own obesity, they can fleetly move away from being obese and recognize a healthy lifestyle. While in R.A. Ames The Food Isnt to Blame and Richard Daynard You Want Fries with That? use different the mes of blaming fast companies and individual decisions to underscore the effects of fast of food on America, One other hand Rahul K. Parikh Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of Fats Kid has same theme has R. A. Ames essay, he blamed advertisements for Americas Obesity.I have discussed the Ames essay with my friends and family. Most of them are agreed with the essay but at that place were also some people who were disagreed. I eat very precisely, before eating anything I check calories and fat of the product I am divergence to eat.

Beh 225 Appendix D Essay Example for Free

Beh 225 Appendix D EssaySigmund Freud, is often described as the most famous figure in psychology. Hes written books on fad commonly being referred to as the father of psychoanalysis. His most popular works being highly influential on others that study psychology. unconscious, Psychosexual development (stages), Neurosis, transferral and trauma are theories that Freud has developed over the years. One of Freuds theories was, that the personality is three structures.Another possible action of Freuds was that our personality is rooted in the dynamics of the unconscious. He immovable that the aggressive and sexual instincts were primarily unconscious drives which could determine our human behavior. Carl Jung is a psychologist that mostly studied the human psyche, dream analysis, and the collective unconscious. Cowgil (1997) refers, He proposed and developed the concepts of the extrovert and introverted personality, archetypes, and the collective unconscious.The issues that he dealt with arose from his personal experiences. For many years Jung felt as if he had two separate personalities. One introverted and other extroverted. This interplay resulted in his study of integration and wholeness. His work has been influential not only in psychology, but in religion and literature as well. She also believed that the unconscious intellectual had two separate components the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Hall (1997) refers, Carl R. Rogers is known as the father of client-centered therapy.Throughout his career he dedicated himself to humanistic psychology and is well known for his theory of personality development. He began developing his humanistic concept while working with abused children. Rogers attempted to change the world of mental hygiene when he boldly claimed that psychoanalytic, experimental, and behavioraltherapists were preventing their clients from ever reaching self-realization and self-growth due to their authoritive analys is.He argued that therapists should allow patients to discover the solution for themselves. Rogers received wide acclaim for his theory and was awarded various high honors . Through Rogers extensive efforts in expressing his theory of personality through the publishing of books and lectures he gained a lot of attention and followers as well as those who strongly disagree with his theory of personality development.ReferenceCowgil, Charles. Carl Jung, 1997.Part IIChoose three of your favorite television characters past or present.Complete the following matrix describing the characters personalities from the point of view of the three theorists, Jung, Freud, and Rogers.TV Character Jung Rogers Freud 1. 2. 3.

Benefits Of Scenario Planning And Systems Thinking Business Essay

Benefits Of Scenario supplying And Systems Thinking Business EssayScenario Planning substructureToday, organizations be increasingly affected by the growing uncertainty from the macro- surround.. In recent years, it is very common to see some organizations suddenly get into a recession or even fall into crisis because of some changes of external factors. These companies live one thing in common, that is, they all fail to watch into account the afterlife. And direct a powerful tool which used largely by businesses to solve this problem Scenario homework. It is a tool which fag end encourage organizations conceptualise about the future , grasp the trend to look for new profit growth in an uncertain future, help decision get downrs reshape the mental models and find the correct armorial bearing of the future.( Bill and Ian , 2008 )In graze to make us have a remedy understanding of scenario planning, the following issues forget be discussed Benefits of Scenario Planning, difficulties of implementing scenario planning, PEST Analysis oer the period to 2030, risks and opportunities organisations will face and the follow out plans.Benefits of Scenario PlanningScenario planning is a tool of strategic decision-making that does not focus on accurately predicting the future, but is a process that throws a number of possible futures that are credible yet uncertain (Schoemaker, 1995). Thither is no doubt that companies can gain benefit from scenario planning, and here are the sev agel strengths of scenario planning.Systems thinkingBy using the scenario planning manager can have a systems thinking. Like smart chess players always think clearly and have a variety of possible scenarios in the nigh steps , the scenario planning can provide manager a preventive instrument , before problems occur, manager can deduction the possible scenarios based on a series of logic and empirical facts through the business acumen and the warm perception, seeing trends in th e evolution of things ,shape and the sham of changing trends in the structure. (Mbalib,2007)In addition,through scenario planning, managers can use systems thinking, take into account the various factors which they think will capture the decision to make a overall well-depth compend, and to avoid narrow personal bias.The optimal allocation of resourcesUsing the scenario planning , companies can predict the possible future scenarios, so that managers can be more aware of the external environment and their keep companys status and future directions therefore they can match internal resources to external environment to allocate the resources more effective and rational.Risk ReductionScenario planning help us understand today better by imagining tomorrow , it is good to help organizations deal with the future uncertainties by aware of the weak signals and let them get better prepare to handle new situations to keep business alive and flourishing.Difficulties of implementing Scenario planningScenario planning as a business tool which is aim to help organizations make right decisions, muffle risk, save m and maximum profit. Though the aims of organisations who play the scenario planning are the same, there are many inherent difficulties for organisations of differing sizes in implementing Scenario Planning for the first time.Usually, all the company will faced with these difficultiesCostThe be of scenario planning really depends on the numerous variables such as the organization size, timeframe of the scenarios, teams and those partnering in the strategic planning process and methods of analysis and data collection voluminous in the planning processTimeTo make an accurate predictions of scenario is very time-consuming. Usually, scenario planning could take around 6 to 12 months for some organizations engaging in depth, multi scenario planning. Data and randomness from different sources have to be collected and interpreted which makes scenario building eve n more time-consuming.ResourcesScenario planning requirement to use various resources, in addition to money, with the propose of forming a scenario counsel team it need the external experts to cooperate with internal staff, whats more, it also need the companys data resources from different departments.Small companiesFor a small business, such as self-employed and partnerships, they generally just have a short-term plan with the goal of maximum profits, and usually make decisions comparatively easy just simply focus on cost, price and output decisions. As for a small business, they has few competitors and the external business environment is relatively stable and certain which has little effect on their business.Since the first time implementing scenario planning, companies may not well aware of the real needs of the company, though they do not need a complex scenario planning, do not need to have such high sensitivity of external influences, do not need such resources, technical staff they may lock spend too much time and money on it which will extend the costs of company and may not take advantage from scenario planning.Large, multinational companiesWith the turbulent external business environment and the increasing competition it is necessary for large, multinational companies to adopt Scenario Planning in order to survive and prosper.Although large companies have abundant resources or admittance to the necessary resources in terms of expertise, time and money, there are still many inherent difficulties for organisations in implementing Scenario Planning for the first time.How far ahead should organizations predictThe time horizon for scenarios must be short enough to create scenarios that are probable, but long enough for us to imagine that important changes with an impact on the future business can take place. (Lindgren, M. and Bandhold, H. (2003))How long should organizations take into consider ,it is a vital issue. With the accelerated pace of hu mans change, the further predict, the more complex. More aspect need to consider, and the predictions are less accurate. However, if the prediction of the time too close it will not achieve any effect.How many scenariosFor a company it is not necessary to say that the more scenario planning the better future of the company and of course, it make no sense of the company development if company has too little scenario planning. All the scenario planning need to prepare action plans and corresponding measures, have too much scenario planning not only take times and waste money but also may increase the operational costs of the company, however, if with few scenario planning it cannot help company predict the future to avoiding the risksPEST Analysis over the period to 2030Today, due to increasing appertain for sustainable development, global economic competition and technological advances ,change is happening faster than before which increased the business uncertainty . For this reason , scenario planning has been unprecedented attention. In order to make the correct prediction of what might happen in the business environment over the period to 2030 , it is important to have an understanding of what are the fundamental drivers of external change .The best way to do this is to monitor and analyze trends and scan the current environment. There is a particularly useful tool -PEST (Political, Economic, Social, scientific) analysis can help organization to identify the different intensitys. http//www.jiscinfonet.ac.uk/tools/scenario-planning/trend-analysisPoliticalBRICK adding new memberSouth Africa.BRICK expanded five-member bloc known as the BRICS, which groups Brazil, Russia, India, China, and, for the first time, South Africa. (Mainichi,2011)The expansion of the BRICS have a great impact in the western business environment over the period to 2030. Since BRIC countries are facing a great historical chance for development, their development will bring a significa nt impact on the global economy and global structure .According to the global economic report of Goldman Sachs (Dreaming with BRICs The fashion to 2050), BRICs will guide the world economy in 2050 coquettish. And BRIC has been trying to expand its influence which make the western countries have to be careful to look at the beside step plans of these emerging economies . In addition, more and more international investors are divide their asset allocation according to the BRIC. And ONeill, chief economist at Goldman Sachs, verbalise the BRIC will catch-up G6 in the next 20 years.EconomicGlobalizationIt can be said that the developed countries led economic globalization as they master the worlds most advanced productivity and technology. However, according to the annual World Economic Report which published by The World Bank reported that by 2030, the global economy will grow from 35 trillion U.S. dollars in 2005 to expand to 72 trillion dollars, the share of total global output of growing countries will from the current 1 / 5 to nearly 1 / 3 and the share of the global purchasing power will occupy more than 1 / 2. Report also highlighted a general underlying trend in the next 25 years, developing countries will be a major force in global economic growth. (Sujingxiang,2006)Over the period to 2030, with the spread of new technologies such as the Internet, developing countries will go from the periphery to the center of the world economy, and gradually grow into an important engine for global growth, however , the developed countries, the influence on globalization is weakening , some organization and workers of developed countries were impact by the developing countries, particularly in emerging economies competition. Manufacturing and other traditional industries were in trouble which increased unemployment and the downward pressure on wages.(Haoran, 2009)Social depart in consumer behavior patternAs technology developed, people gradually changed their consum ption habits, staying at home, online shopping has become a way of life that are interested by Internet users.The eMarketer estimates that over 68% of UK sack users ages 14 and older will buy online at least once per month in 2011-a total of more than 27 million people.It estimated that between 2009 and 2014 he size of the UK online shoppers will continues to grow, penetration rate of online shopping users in 2014 will reach 71.1%. And the UK online shoppers will continue to increase in the future.http//www.emarketer.com/Report.aspx?code=emarketer_2000779Since more and more people prefer online shopping and the number of people seems keep increasing, it can be said the online shopping represent the future direction of business. Face with this huge online consumer groups, organizations should seize the opportunity to develop the online shopping channels. However, The online shopping will change the business environment over the period to 2030. It will change the competitive basis an d competitive approach among the organizations. E-commerce is information-based, the level of the access to information determine the market competitiveness of organizations .TechnologicalWeb 4.0 is transforming the Internet landscapeaccording to Spivaks predictions, by the year of 2031 the next generation of internetWeb 4.0 will appear which further convergence of the online and physical worldhttp//www.zmogo.com/ sack/web-40trip-down-the-rabbit-hole-or-brave-new-world/Technology innovation will also influence the business environment during the period of now to 2030, With Web 4.0 which increase speeds and bandwidth, coupled with high-speed wireless access will enable information exchange on an unprecedented level.RisksCompetitionThe expansion of the BRICS and the increasing globalization will lead to more competitors from developing countries such as China and India. Similarly, with the increasing number of Internet users and network development, e-commerce appears which changes th e business environment, reducing the trade entry barriers, blurred industry boundaries and expanding the scope for competition.Information managementThe improvement of network technology will allows us to enter an information age, as the network is free and open which will make the global information more transparent, everyone can master the competitors product information and marketing dynamics.OpportunitiesE-commerceE-commerce can significantly reduce inventory costs. Compared with the traditional commerce, E-commerce with high speed and fewer links, whats more, it does not have pressure on inventory, a well-run electronic store can even be zero inventory, no bear any pressure on the stock which will save a considerable costs.InternetOver the past 20 years the revolution of Internet has changed business model, and similarly, in the next 20 years, the networks development will bring new opportunities to the organization. With increasing speeds and bandwidth, coupled with high-speed wireless access will enable information exchange on an unprecedented level organizations can use business information effectively to fully serve their customers and attract more customers. Whats more, they can also open up international markets and change production environment in order to gain more profits.Action plansSince We have listed the key factors of the changes of macro environment in the next 20 years and also found out the opportunities and risks which company may experience in the future .In order to survive and make the company prosperous, companies should make some corresponding countermeasures.Improve management systemsWith the next generation of internetWeb 4.0 appears and the increasing online shoppers , organizations should improve their management systems in order to catch the pace of business.Organization can adopt the commodity cloud computing and during the production process , using the computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD / CAM) based on the manageme nt information systems (MIS) to establish the computer integrate manufacturing system (CIMS).Using these new manage methods to combine the production technology and information technology together and to upgrade the traditional mode of management system.(Shizhenxi,2010)Focus on global strategyIt can be said that with the economic globalization, the increasing integration of world economy is becoming an unstoppable trend, the world is entering an era of borderless competition. Only focus on the domestic market is not enough, organization should develop foreign markets.Organization should develop and allocate resources in global in order to survive and prosper in the future.Organization can gradually develop and allocate the capital, labor, technology, resource from domestic to global. Distribute the capital according to different regions to reduce financial risks, establish appropriate technology development centre in different regions to gain the local advantage in order to enhance their technology competitiveness .ConclusionLindgren, M. and Bandhold, H. (2003) Scenario Planning The Link Between Future and Strategy. Basingstoke, Palgrave MacMillan. (pg53)Scenario Planning Handbook Bill Ralston)(Ian Wilson2008 http//product.china-pub.com/826843ref=browse2007, http//wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E6%83%85%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92http//www.jiscinfonet.ac.uk/tools/scenario-planning/trend-analysis(Mainichi,2011) http//mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/business/news/20110414p2g00m0bu044000c.html(Sujingxiang,2006)http//news.xinhuanet.com/world/2006-12/22/content_5518332.htm(Haoran, 2009)http//www.zh09.com/lunwen/jjx/gjjj/200912/373158.html (-)14 Web 4.0,Trip Down the Rabbit Hole or Brave New World?, zmogo.comhttp//www.zmogo.com/web/web-40trip-down-the-rabbit-hole-or-brave-new-world.Accessed 7th June 2009.(Shizhenxi,2010)http//www.fenghuang163.com/blog/article/327.htmlhttp//www.chinact.org.cn/Html/200672714031-1.htmlhttp//www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=192147837462567http//blog.si na.com.cn/s/blog_65e8dd750100ny4h.html()Schoemaker, P.J.H. and van der Heijden K. (1992) Integrating Scenarios into Strategic Planning at Royal Dutch/Shell, Planning Review. Vol. 20 (3) pp.41-46.

Case study: Mental Retardation

Case theater Mental RetardationIntroductionWhen you go fall out from your house today, try to observe the people around our environment, and we will found that non e very(prenominal)one cans physically function analogous us or at normal level. For instance, in that location argon individual who blind, deaf are, and also who are not fitting to speak or move around. Generally, people refer them as physically disabled, so we will try out this group of people having the special privilege such(prenominal) as in the shopping complexs set space, special parking was prepared with the label disable. On another hand, there are people who cant psychologically function at normal level like approximately of us. They might have not able to control their body movement, their intelligence, social interaction as tumefy as langu fester since the birth or archeozoic infanthood. In this case, we are referring them as mental lag.The American association on Mental Retardation (2002) defin ed mental subnormality as a special state of mental subroutine that begins in childhood and characterized by limitation in both intelligence and adaptive skills. According to National Information center for children and young person with disabilities (2002), we label a person with mental retardent when he or she has specific limitation in mental functioning and also in skills such as communicating, taking care of him or herself as well as social skills. every of this limitation will cost the children in their learning, such as slow in learning and armment comparing to others typical child (National Information center for children and youth with disabilities, 2002). Mental retardation also reflects the fix in the midst of the capabilities of individuals and the structure and expectation of their environment (The American Association on Mental Retardation, 2002). In specific example, children with mental retardation may need longer clip in learning to speak, walk, and take care of their personal needs such as eating or dressing (National Information center for children and youth with disabilities, 2002). They are more likely to have problem learning in normal school (National Information center for children and youth with disabilities, 2002). They can learn, but probably indispensable a longer time or else there are mostthing that they just cant learn (National Information center for children and youth with disabilities, 2002). Mental retardation is sub-average ordinary intellectual functioning that related with concurrent impairments in adaptive behaviour and manifested during the developmental period (Southern connection of institutional dentists, 2010). Mental retardation is an emergenceual supposititious intelligence, which is congenital or acquired untimely in life (Stefanovska, Nakova, Radojkova-nikolovska, Ristoska, 2010). Children with mental retardation have the low rate of catching and limited domain of attention (Rezaiyan, Mohamma di Fallah, 2007). The 34 Code of Federal Regulations 300.7(c)(6) of The United States De relegatement of upbringing defined mental retardation as significantly sub-average full general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behaviour and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a childs educational performance (Federal registration, 1999).The statistic showed that averagely, 3% of the general population will be suffered from mental retardation (Southern association of institutional dentists, 2010). Most people with mental retardation are diagnosed ahead or during first years of school (Southern association of institutional dentists, 2010). The prevalence provided by statistical manual(a)(a) of mental unsoundnesss fourth edition text revision DSM-IV-TR (2000) mentioned that mental retardation has been predictable at roughly 1%. In border of gender, the ration for male to female is 1.5 to 1 (American psychiatric Asso ciation DSM-IV-TR, 2000). This shown that mental retardation affect more male.The misconception about how people perceive what is mental retardation also being pointing out. According to a case study from World Health Organisation (2006), a special education t from each oneer who teaches the disable children is sensible by the family and also neighbours to resign from her work when she is pregnant after 12 years of marriage. The reason given is that they want her to avoid contact with these typewrites of children (means disable), concerning her un born(p) child will be like them. Acknowledged that this is superstitions, and with the support from her husband, she continues to help the children at the centre, and now her new born daughters intelligence is above average. Mental retardation is not something such as you having green eyes, bad heart, or you are born short or thin, it is also not medical disorder, nor a mental disorder (The American Association on Mental Retardation, 200 2).Criteria DefinitionReferring to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fourth edition text revision (DSM-IV-TR), published by American Psychiatric Association, there are three components of feature of mental retardation, which all of the component must be present to diagnose a long-suffering with mental retardation (American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV-TR, 2000). The three diagnostic criteria for Mental Retardation are as below standard A. Significantly sub-average intellectual functioning an IQ of approximately 70 or below on an individually administered IQ test (for infants, a clinical judgment of significantly sub-average intellectual functioning).Criterion B. Concurrent deficits or impairments in present adaptive functioning (i .e., the persons strong suit in meeting the standards expected for his or her age by his or her heathenish group) in at least two of the following areas communion, self-care, home living, social / interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, operable academic skills, work, leisure, health, and safety.Criterion C. The onset is before age 18 years.In Criterion A, IQ or Intelligence quotient test had used to administer the general intellectual functioning of an individual. Intelligence is the general mental cap index. It included the ability in reasoning, problem solving, abstract thinking, understanding complex ideas, quickly in learning, and also experience learning (American Association on Mental Retardation, 2002). The commonly IQ test such as the 3rd edition Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children 4th Edition Stanford-Binet and also Kaufman Assessment battery for children. All of this is an individually administered intelligence test. The cut-off score is IQ test scored 70 or sub-average intellectual functioning is IQ score of about 70 or below, which are two standards deviation below the mean. However, in some cases, although the individuals IQ score is below 70, he or she shou ld not be diagnosed as mental retardation if there is no obvious disturbance in adaptive functioning. Adaptive functioning will be explained in Criterion B. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fourth edition text revision (DSM-IV-TR) (2000), some others factor that may result an individual score poorly should be taken into consideration. For example, some of the factors include the socio-cultural background of an individual the problem with native language as well as related communicative, motor and sensory handicaps (American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV-TR, 2000). in that location is four degree of severity of mental retardation. The degree of severity is determined by the IQ scores. The summary of the retardation and IQ level are as belowMild mental retardation IQ level 50-55 to approximately 70Moderate retardation IQ level 35-40 to 50-55Several mental retardation IQ level 20-25 to 35-40Profound mental retardation IQ level below 20 or 25(American Psychiatr ic Association DSM-IV-TR, 2000)About 85% of the mental retardation patient is fall under Mild Mental Retardation, which their IQ level through IQ test is about 50-55 to approximately 70 (American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV-TR, 2000). Normally, they cant be differentiating with normal children at the age of 0-5 years old. This is because the social and communication skills are developing at the age of pre-school (American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV-TR, 2000). At this stage, they have minimal disturbance in sensor motors areas (American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV-TR, 2000). The characteristic representing this category is the role of Forest in the plastic film Forest Gump. In the movie, Forest ever said that I been an idiot since I was born. My IQ is near 70, which qualifies me, so they say. (Smith, 2006). With the appropriate support, patient with mild mental retardation can live successfully. Forest, who always being classified as slow down used chocolate to contrastin g portrait of his struggle until he flummox a football star in the college, Vietnam war hero, and a successful business man (Smith, 2006).. On patients with moderate mental retardation, we ordinarily refer them as trainable (American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV-TR, 2000). About 10% of the mental retarded patients fall under this category (American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV-TR, 2000). They learn communication skills at the early childhood, so that they can benefit from vocational training. With moderate supervision, patient with moderate mental retardation can actually fulfill personal care. They are able to travel by them self in a familiar setting however they cant progress beyond the 2nd grade level in the academic subject (American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV-TR, 2000). In a supervised condition, patient can function well with the community around them.For patient with weighty mental retardation, they are actually 3-4% of the mental retardation population (American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV-TR, 2000). During pre-school period, they might learn a little or no communication skills. During the school period, they learn talking at secondary level, they can be teaches in self-care. In a closely supervise condition, they can function well in life if they do not involve in any handicap.Patient of mental retardation who falls under the profound mental retardation is 1-2% (American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV-TR, 2000). Most of the patient has a neurological condition that result their mental retardation. Their motor development, self-care, and communication skills can be improve if there is a proper education being given to them.If a mentally retarded patient who cant be categories within this four degree of severity, they will be put under the category mental retardation, severity unspecified.In Criterion B, impairment in adaptive functioning is the focus. Impairment functioning is the effectiveness of a person coping with everyday life even ts and also how well a person achieve the standard of self independence expected by their age group in a particular socio cultural back ground as well as community setting (American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV-TR, 2000). Yet, there are various(a) factors that might influence the adaptive functioning of a person with mental retardation. Some of the factors are education, motivation, a persons characteristic, social and vocational opportunities and the mental disorder and general medical conditions (American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV-TR, 2000). The areas of adaptive functioning concerning is communication, self-care, home living, social social / interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, functional academic skills, work, leisure, health, and safety. A person can only be diagnose with mental retardation if he meet any 2 of the area concerning in criterion B. For example, at the age of 16 years old, a person could not speak and poorly performance in acade mic.In criterion C, age is the focus. The onset must be before 18 years old.Intervention ProgrammeIntervention programme are to believe will help the children with mental retardation to cope better in their daily life as well as future life. Intervention program for the mentally retarded children usually take part by the government, non-governmental organisation, school and also psychologist or expert in the field. Although it was take part by many organisations, but we have to awake that the intercession program cost a large sum of money. Medical news today (2006) reported as in years 2000, money swing for patients with mental disorder is about 51 billion dollars. However, the hinderance program is still necessary to provide the patient another part of life.One of the interjection programs for children with mental retarded is occupational therapy. In occupational therapy, thought about daily life functioning being discuss and share with the children (Kottorp, Hallgren, Bernspa ng, Fisher, 2003). This therapy leads the children to perform the daily life task that the child would like to, or the task which is expected by the society or cultural back ground (Kottorp, Hallgren, Bernspang, Fisher, 2003). The most master(prenominal) aims of occupational therapy are to lead the children to have meaningful and purposeful occupations through the intervention (Kottorp, Hallgren, Bernspang, Fisher, 2003). occupational therapy also focuses to help the child with mental retardation to develop fine motor control (Reynolds Dombeck, 2006).This fine motor skills is needed by the children with mental retardation to perform concentrated tasks (Reynolds Dombeck, 2006). Some of the concentrated tasks are like writing or drawing. All of this basic concentrated task is important for self-help and academic skills in the later life of the children (Reynolds Dombeck, 2006). Researcher found that occupational intervention program had a positive feedback (Kottorp, Hallgren, B ernspang, Fisher, 2003). Patient can carry out activities of daily living in a safe and efficient manner. (Kottorp, Hallgren, Bernspang, Fisher, 2003). In summary, Occupational therapy intervention program for children with mental retardation, aims to help the children to meaningful and purposeful activity. The activity include self-care, care for others, appreciate life and socially active in various situation. Mental retarded children who went through this therapy will able to use the skills learned in future. other intervention program for children suggested by researcher is tooth- meetinging intervention program. In a study done by Stefanovska, Nakova, Radojkova-nikolovska, Ristoska (2010), they designed a 6 month intervention program that focus on the encouragement of independent manual skills looking after personal oral hygiene.100 school children at the age of 9-16 with low and moderate mental retardation in Skopje. Althought tooth brushing seems to be very easy for us, bu t it actually is a voluntary activity that requires motivation and physical ability. In term of motivation, the children with mental retardation are require to understand what is needed and also the reason or benefits of tooth brushing and also the desire to achieve the benefit ( reduce the plaque). Yet, they found that children with mentally retarded are not loose in understanding the oral hygiene procedures but they accept the change (Stefanovska, Nakova, Radojkova-nikolovska, Ristoska 2010). According to the researcher, patient of mental retardation normally suffered from periodontal disease. The result of their study showed that this six month program was effective in reducing the plaque and gingivitis scores and the long term success of the program is to maintain the childrens motivation to brush their own teeth and make this part of their daily routine (Stefanovska, Nakova, Radojkova-nikolovska, Ristoska 2010). Calculated the long term benefit, tooth brushing is actually co st effective ways of reducing plaque, reducing the needs to see dental doctor and others. The mentally retarded children are able to brush their own tooth with proper encouragement and motivation.Besides that, Rezaiyan, Mohammadi Fallah (2007) proposed that electronic computer game as an intervention instrument focusing on the attention capacity of the mentally retarded children. In their experiment, 60 male mentally retarded children were recruited from two 24 hours care centers in Tehra. All of them had an IQ level between 50 and 70 with no physical disability. The result of their study indicated that intervention of computer games increased the attention span of the mentally retarded children (Rezaiyan, Mohammadi Fallah, 2007). Not only that, intervention of computer game also help in increase the internal motivation and activity if the children (Rezaiyan, Mohammadi Fallah, 2007). The mentally retarded children was attracted by feature of the computer games such as competitio n, laugh, curiosity and others, and all of this helped in improving the ability to pay attention (Rezaiyan, Mohammadi Fallah, 2007). The children also learned problem solving skills through the games Rezaiyan, Mohammadi Fallah, 2007). In order to complete the game, the children need to practice and keep repeating the said(prenominal) process, this had help the children in self understanding skills, while paying attention to an object or location will improve the nervous system process (Rezaiyan, Mohammadi Fallah, 2007). In summary, as we can see, the main function of the computer games is to help the children in understand and paying attention. The two benefits are actually interrelated to each others, to pay attention you need to understand, understanding help you in paying attention. The mentally retarded children need both of this skill. However, we should also consider the side effect of using computer.Special education is another intervention program for the children with m ental retardation. In Malaysia, a Non-governmental organisation, Lions Club of Kota Bharu operates a hatful syndrome centre to give pre-school education to the Down syndrome children ages there to six years (Dahari, 2009). Down syndrome cause by the non-disjunction of chromosome 21and is the leading genetic cause of mental retardation (Ghosh, Sinha, Chatterjee Nandagopal, 2009). After graduated from the canter, the Down syndrome children will be sending to the special classes in the government school. They adopt the Macquire Small step curriculum as teaching guide or you may called it as early intervention program. The term intervention is used to cover physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and special education help. There are several type of intervention provided such as home based, centre based, and nursery based. Parents with Down syndrome children might send their children to this centre for early education. Mentally retarded children are educable (Demirel, 2010 ). Another intervention in term of education being done in Turkey, the curriculum for children with mental retardation was designed at primary school level, go to private class, focusing on improving the skills of understanding, showing positive social relations, adjusting to the social, technological and physical environment and surviving independently (Demirel, 2010). From two of this example, we can see that education actually help the mentally children to make their life better. As a psychologist, we should support all kind of effort in coming out with special education for the mentally retarded children. Education is one of the best intervention programs for the children.In conclusion, no one is this world choose to be born mentally retarded mentally retarded is a give but not a choice. As a normal human, we should not discriminate them to that degree give them the best of what we can do. Intervention program had being proven able to help the children with mental retardation to have a batter life. all one of us should play our roles in supporting all kind of intervention program. As a psychologist, we actually can do many things for them as there are within our area of study, we can contribute idea regarding their well fare, education and in others issues. They had born unlucky, why not we shown them another part of life?